Chronological time - chronos Subjective time - kairos
Specious present
The specious present is the time duration wherein a state of consciousness is experienced as being in the present.
Although the perception of time is not associated with a specific sensory system, psychologists and neuroscientists suggest that humans do have a system, or several complementary systems, governing the perception of time.
Robin Le Poidevin brings up the point that specious present amounts to a duration in which events are both simultaneous and successive. (like One-electron universe)
Different types of sensory information (auditory, tactile, visual) are processed at different speeds by different neural architectures. The brain must learn how to overcome these speed disparities if it is to create a temporally unified representation of the external world.
David Eagleman, Brain Time:
if the visual brain wants to get events correct timewise, it may have only one choice: wait for the slowest information to arrive. To accomplish this, it must wait about a tenth of a second. In the early days of television broadcasting, engineers worried about the problem of keeping audio and video signals synchronized. Then they accidentally discovered that they had around a hundred milliseconds of slop: As long as the signals arrived within this window, viewers’ brains would automatically resynchronize the signals
Thought
This tracks with my experience of synchronizing movies (an audio track is off, or subtitles delayed). There becomes a grey area where I can’t precisely map the speaker’s mouth with the sound they produce, with the subtitle appearing at the correct time.
Kappa Effect
A temporal illusion. A journey is made in two parts where each takes an equal amount of time. When mentally comparing these two sub-journeys the part that covers more distance may appear to take longer than the part covering less distance, even though they take an equal amount of time.
Emotional States
Awe - suggestions that awe has the ability to expand one’s perception of time availability. The perception of time can differ as people choose between savoring moments and deferring gratification.
Dyschronometria
is a condition of cerebellar dysfunction in which an individual cannot accurately estimate the amount of time that has passed.